Rhetorical terms

anadiplosis (repeating the end of one sentence at the start of the next)
anaphora (repetition at the beginning of a sentence)
anastrophe (inversion of conventional order)
aposiopesis (breaking off)
asyndeton (omitting coordinators)
chiasmus (reversal of structure)
conduplicatio (non-consecutive word repetition)
ellipsis (omitting words more generally)
epanalepsis (repetition at both the beginning and the end of a sentence)
epimone (consecutive phrase repetition)
epistrophe (repetition at the end of a sentence or sentence-sequence)
epizeuxis (consecutive word repetition)
erotema (rhetorical questioning)
hypophora (asking a question and answering it)
isocolon (repetition of similar structure)
litotes (saying something by denying its opposite)
metanoia (self-correction)
polyptoton (repeating a root with a different inflectional ending)
polysyndeton (use of additional coordinators)
praeteritio (saying something by saying that you will not say it)
prolepsis (anticipating an objection and answering it).
symploce (repetition at both the beginning and the end of successive sentences)

(Source: Geoffrey Pullum's THES review of Farnsworth Classical English Rhetoric, 11 August 2011)